You need to implement a stack that supports push, pop, and find-minimum operations, all in O(1) time complexity. Which data structure is best suited for this scenario?
Two stacks: one for the main data and one for storing elements in sorted order.
A single stack where each element is a pair containing the value and the minimum value up to that point.
A single stack storing only the minimum element encountered so far.
A binary search tree to efficiently maintain sorted data and find the minimum.
What is an advantage of using a persistent stack in a concurrent programming environment?
Eliminates the need for locks or synchronization primitives.
Improves performance by allowing parallel access to the stack.
Simplifies data sharing and communication between threads.
Reduces the risk of race conditions and data inconsistencies.
In a persistent stack implementation using linked lists, what is the time complexity of performing a 'pop' operation on a stack with 'n' elements?
O(n)
O(log n)
It depends on the implementation.
O(1)
Consider a scenario where you need to implement a backtracking algorithm. Which stack implementation would be most suitable?
Double-ended stack (deque)
Standard stack
Persistent stack
Multi-stack implementation in a single array
Tarjan's algorithm, which leverages a stack, is a prominent algorithm in graph theory. What problem does Tarjan's algorithm solve efficiently?
Determining the minimum spanning tree of a weighted graph.
Checking if a given graph is bipartite (can be colored using two colors).
Identifying strongly connected components in a directed graph.
Finding the shortest path between any two nodes in a graph.
Imagine you're implementing a stack with a fixed-size array. Which situation leads to a stack overflow even if the number of elements in the stack is less than the array's size?
Pushing an element when the stack pointer is at the end of the array, even if some initial array slots are empty.
Popping an element when the stack pointer is at the end of the array.
Popping an element when the stack pointer is at the beginning of the array.
Pushing an element when the stack pointer is at the middle of the array.
What is the primary advantage of using a deque (double-ended stack) over a standard stack?
Improved search efficiency for sorted data.
Ability to efficiently add or remove elements from both ends.
Faster access to elements in the middle of the stack.
Lower memory consumption for large data sets.
You are building a system that processes a high volume of real-time data using stacks. Which optimization technique would be MOST beneficial for enhancing the performance of your system?
Implementing the stack using a dynamically allocated array that doubles in size when full.
Employing a stack implemented with a doubly linked list to facilitate faster push and pop operations.
Implementing the stack using a fixed-size array allocated at compile time to minimize allocation overhead.
Utilizing a stack implemented with a singly linked list to minimize memory overhead.
What is a potential drawback of implementing multiple stacks in a single array with a fixed size?
Slower performance compared to using separate stacks.
Risk of stack overflow if the allocated space is insufficient.
Inability to store certain data types within the stacks.
Increased complexity in managing stack operations.
Which data structure is often used in conjunction with a persistent stack to efficiently manage the different versions of the stack?
Linked list
Binary tree
Queue
Hash table