What is the main disadvantage of Shortest Job Next (SJN) scheduling?
Complexity of implementation
Increased turnaround time
Starvation of longer processes
Require more system resources
What is thrashing in the context of virtual memory?
High frequency of page faults
Memory leaks
Excessive memory allocation
Memory compaction
Which of the following statements best distinguishes containers from virtual machines?
Containers are less portable than VMs across different hardware.
Containers require more system resources than VMs.
Containers encapsulate the entire operating system, while VMs share the host OS.
Containers are lightweight and share the host kernel, while VMs emulate entire hardware environments.
In a tree-structured directory, how does the system ensure efficient access and management?
By using flat file structures
By storing all files in a single directory
By allowing multiple parent directories
By hierarchically organizing directories and files
Which of the following scheduling strategies allows for a process to move between different priority queues based on its behavior and execution history?
Multilevel Feedback Queue Scheduling
Shortest Job Next
Round Robin
First-Come, First-Served
Which page replacement algorithm removes the page that has not been used for the longest time?
Least Frequently Used (LFU)
First-In, First-Out (FIFO)
Least Recently Used (LRU)
Optimal Page Replacement
What is a primary advantage of using bitmaps for free space management in file systems?
Fast allocation and deallocation
Reduced memory footprint
Increased complexity
Fixed allocation size
What is the primary goal of deadlock prevention?
To allow processes to complete without waiting
To make it impossible for deadlocks to occur
To detect deadlocks when they occur
To ensure system resources are freed
What is the main difference between contiguous and non-contiguous memory allocation?
Non-contiguous allocates memory in fixed sizes
Non-contiguous is faster than contiguous allocation
Contiguous allocates memory in a single block, non-contiguous can allocate in multiple blocks
Contiguous requires more memory space
In which type of operating system structure do minimal services exist in the kernel while other services run as user-level processes?
Layered
Microkernel
Monolithic
Hybrid